The testis isoform of the phosphorylase kinase catalytic subunit (PhK-T) plays a critical role in regulation of glycogen mobilization in developing lung

Liu, Li; Rannels, Stephen R.; Falconieri, Mary; Phillips, Karen S.; Wolpert, Ellen B.; Weaver, Timothy E.; Liu, Li; Rannels, Stephen R.; Falconieri, Mary; Phillips, Karen S.; Wolpert, Ellen B.; Weaver, Timothy E.

Volume: 03

Issue: 01

Original Research Article

Extraction of metals

Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Year: 2026

Page: 168-174

Doi: 10.62275/josep.26.1000026

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

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Abstract

The study focused on the solvent extraction of Cr(III) from sulfate media using Cyanex 302 (bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothio-phosphinic acid). Various parameters were systematically evaluated, including phase contact time, initial pH, metal ion concentration, extractant concentration, sulfate ion concentration, temperature, and the type of diluent. Equilibrium was reached within 30 minutes, with the highest extraction efficiency occurring at pH 5.0. Adding more Cyanex 302 improved the extraction efficiency. The study showed that each Cr(III) ion paired with a single dimeric extractant molecule. The presence of sulfate ions was found to hinder extraction by forming non-extractable chromium complexes. The extraction process was endothermic, as indicated by positive enthalpy changes. Among the diluents tested, toluene showed the highest extraction efficiency; however, kerosene was chosen for practical reasons. The maximum loading capacity of Cyanex 302 for Cr(III) was determined to be 2.742 g per 100 g of the extractant. Research found that sulfuric acid was good for stripping, but HCl and HNO₃ did not work in the conditions tested. Cyanex 302 had a medium level of extraction efficiency compared to other extractants. These results suggest that Cyanex 302 holds promise for industrial applications in Cr recovery processes, although further optimization may be required to enhance its effectiveness.

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How to Cite

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

I.H. 2024. Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302. Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

January 21, 2026.

Doi: 10.62275/josep.26.1000026.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302.

journal 2026, 21.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

I.H. 2024. Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302. .Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

21 (1).

https://doi.org/10.62275/josep.26.1000026.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

I.H. Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302. Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

2026.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

2024." Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302." Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

21 (1).

https://doi.org/10.62275/josep.26.1000026.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

I.H. 2024. " Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302." Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

21 (1).

https://doi.org/10.62275/josep.26.1000026.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

, "Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302". .Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

journal Jan, 2026.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

"Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302." Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

Jan, 2026.

https://doi.org/10.62275/josep.26.1000026.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

"Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302." Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

(Jan 21, 2026).

https://doi.org/10.62275/josep.26.1000026.

Aneek Krishna Karmakar*, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Mohaimunul Islam, Anirban Sreemani, Md. Sezan Ali, Md. Zahid Hasan Pilot, Safal Chakma and Eti Rani Pal

Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302. Journal of Science and Engineering Papers .

journal [ Internet ] 21 Jan, 2026.

[ Cited 21 Jan, 2026 ]

21 (1).

https://doi.org/10.62275/josep.26.1000026.

Keywords

cyanex 302, kerosene, Cr(III), solvent extraction, extraction equilibrium, stripping

Journal of Science and Engineering Papers

Doi: https://doi.org/10.62275/josep.24.1000001

ISSN: 3006-3191 (Online)

ISSN: 3079-8175 (Print)

Solvent Extraction of Chromium(III) from Sulphate Medium: A Comprehensive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Study Using Cyanex 302

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